Drawing upon data from Global Adult Tobacco Survey － 2010 China，this paper reconstructs the smoking history of different birth cohorts by using life table techniques to adjust the impact of mortality onsmoking prevalence． Smoking prevalence of Chinese male population was increasing until the late 1990s when it began to decline after arriving its historical peak，and there are marked cohort differences in smoking pattern． Smoking prevalence，the peak prevalence and smoking duration of older birth cohorts are higher than those of the younger cohorts，and all of these indicators become increasingly lower among the increasingly younger cohorts． Changing social determinants of smoking are the main causes of cohort differences in smoking． Thus smoking control strategies need to take into account population change dynamics and cohort differences of smoking pattern，adapting different strategies for different cohorts．

Using data from China General Social Survey 2005，this paper explores the main and moderating effects of birth cohort size on education achievement of cohort members，from longitudinal and cohort perspectives. Results show that birth cohort size has significant impacts on education achievement of cohort members，and cohort members in larger cohort size have lower education achievement. However，the impacts of cohort size differ between males and females，and between urban and rural areas. These are the consequences of the discordant change between population reproduction and education capacity，as suggested by simulation decomposition in this paper of the net effect of birth cohort size. Therefore，it’s important to correctly seize the window of opportunity of policy response and adjustment.

Zodiac preferences seem to be increasingly popular in our society. However, anecdotal evidence does not necessarily reflect an objective tendency. Using birth data from 1949-2008 in China, this paper applies the indices of age preference to testing preferences for Chinese Zodiac in fertility. Results show that at the national level whether for a single year, or a single Chinese Zodiac, or the whole twelve Chinese Zodiac, Zodiac preferences actually do not exist. Annual fluctuations in births are largely a result of changing population momentum built in the age structure. It is therefore important to overcome superstition of Chinese Zodiac, and to advocate the rational fertility concept in our society.